Sorry for the lack of updates (and any typos here, Im typing this on my phone).
So I ended up taking my computer in to a shop to get fixed. 4 days and $200 later, I get it back with the same errors, though nlw it is distorting WAY more.
So my new question is this: I have the computer in safe mode right now while I back up my files and it is working perfectly (no BSODs, freezing, distorting, etc.). This leads me to believe that all the hardware is working fine and it is either a software or driver issue. Is this a safe assumption and if so, would reinstalling Windows, in theory, solve the issue?
Im having loads of technology issues right now (my external hard drive, with over 1TB of stuff, randomly stopped working while the computer was in the shop), so I am hoping a Windows reinstall will fix the computer issues so I won't have to spend more money getting the computer "fixed."