As I have noticed, this usually happens because Excel is not set to fit the sheet within a single page during print-to-PDF conversion. Additional columns extend beyond page width in Excel and can either be pushed to the next page or cut off based on scaling settings.
A quick fix is to go to Page Layout in Excel and set Scaling to “Fit All Columns on One Page" and switch orientation to Landscape. check margins and print area before exporting.
In my situation, I still had issues with large sheets, so I tried Softaken Free All To PDF Software. It worked smoothly for me and kept the Excel to PDF conversion layout accurate without cutting columns. I just loaded the file, and it handled everything properly. You can try the free demo first.