I was in the same situation when I received a huge number of MSG files on a system without Outlook. The emails had important documents in them, but I couldn’t open the attachments directly.
A practical solution was to use a standalone attachment extraction tool. The software I used is known as MailVare Free MSG Attachment Extractor, which enables the adding of MSG files and extracting of attachments without having to use Outlook. This is a very simple process, and the attachments get saved individually for easy reference.
If you have many MSG files, it can process them together instead of opening each email one by one. I would recommend extracting a few files first to verify the results and keeping a backup of the original MSG files before starting.
This saved me a lot of time and helped me access the required attachments without any dependency on Outlook.