Update!
So I transferred everything I cared about to an external hard drive, but not through Ubuntu. I tried to update it, which required a restart and once I turned the computer off, Ubuntu wouldn't boot or install again. I ended up using an undeleting program on my external drive, because I recently did a reinstall and used it for backup. Anyway, everything turned out fine and I booted into Hiren's mini Windows XP tool, which contains TONS of tools for everything. I'm using it right now to post and such. I also downloaded
SpinRite.
The plan is to do a disk error scan, which is running right now, and take a before screenshot (all the blocks are red instead of green), then run SpinRite to repair sectors and whatnot, then do an after scan, screencap that, install Windows 7 again, and we should be good!